<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2023-02-09T11:53:27.1221+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" xmlns:cbt="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2022"/>
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cbt-20221231_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Labels link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cbt-20221231_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Presentation link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cbt-20221231_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Definition link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cbt-20221231_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Calculation link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" id="Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>100000 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsUnaudited" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfOperationsUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100010 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLossUnaudited" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLossUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100020 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLossUnauditedParenthetical" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncomeLossUnauditedParenthetical">
        <link:definition>100030 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsUnaudited" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100040 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParentheticalUnaudited" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParentheticalUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100050 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlowsUnaudited" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlowsUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100060 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlowsUnauditedParenthetical" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlowsUnauditedParenthetical">
        <link:definition>100070 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInStockholdersEquityUnaudited" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInStockholdersEquityUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100080 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInStockholdersEquityUnauditedParenthetical" id="Role_StatementConsolidatedStatementsOfChangesInStockholdersEquityUnauditedParenthetical">
        <link:definition>100090 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureBasisOfPresentation" id="Role_DisclosureBasisOfPresentation">
        <link:definition>100100 - Disclosure - Basis of Presentation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="Role_DisclosureSignificantAccountingPolicies">
        <link:definition>100110 - Disclosure - Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAcquisition" id="Role_DisclosureAcquisition">
        <link:definition>100120 - Disclosure - Acquisition</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/DisclosureDivestitures1" id="DisclosureDivestitures1">
        <link:definition>100130 - Disclosure - Divestitures</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssets" id="Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssets">
        <link:definition>100140 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCI" id="Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCI">
        <link:definition>100150 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI")</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureContingencies" id="Role_DisclosureContingencies">
        <link:definition>100160 - Disclosure - Contingencies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureInsuranceRecoveries" id="Role_DisclosureInsuranceRecoveries">
        <link:definition>100170 - Disclosure - Insurance Recoveries</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTax" id="Role_DisclosureIncomeTax">
        <link:definition>100180 - Disclosure - Income Tax</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShare" id="Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShare">
        <link:definition>100190 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurements" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurements">
        <link:definition>100200 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegment" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegment">
        <link:definition>100210 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="Role_DisclosureSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
        <link:definition>100220 - Disclosure - Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsTables" id="Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsTables">
        <link:definition>100230 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCITables" id="Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCITables">
        <link:definition>100240 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI")  (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxTables" id="Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxTables">
        <link:definition>100250 - Disclosure - Income Tax (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareTables" id="Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareTables">
        <link:definition>100260 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentTables" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentTables">
        <link:definition>100270 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/DisclosureSignificantAccountingPoliciesAdditionalInformationDetail" id="DisclosureSignificantAccountingPoliciesAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100280 - Disclosure - Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAcquisitionAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureAcquisitionAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100290 - Disclosure - Acquisition - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureDivestituresAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureDivestituresAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100300 - Disclosure - Divestitures - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsScheduleOfChangesInBalancesDetail" id="DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsScheduleOfChangesInBalancesDetail">
        <link:definition>100310 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Changes in Balances (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsDetail" id="Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsDetail">
        <link:definition>100320 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureGoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100330 - Disclosure - Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCIChangesInEachComponentOfAOCINetOfTaxDetail" id="Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCIChangesInEachComponentOfAOCINetOfTaxDetail">
        <link:definition>100340 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI") - Changes in Each Component of AOCI, Net of Tax (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCIAmountsReclassifiedOutOfAOCIDetail" id="Role_DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAOCIAmountsReclassifiedOutOfAOCIDetail">
        <link:definition>100350 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI") - Amounts Reclassified Out of AOCI (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAociAdditionalInformationDetail" id="DisclosureAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAociAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100360 - Disclosure - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI") - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureContingenciesAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureContingenciesAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100370 - Disclosure - Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureInsuranceRecoveriesAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureInsuranceRecoveriesAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100380 - Disclosure - Insurance Recoveries - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxEffectiveTaxRateDetail" id="Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxEffectiveTaxRateDetail">
        <link:definition>100390 - Disclosure - Income Tax - Effective Tax Rate (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100400 - Disclosure - Income Tax - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareComponentsOfBasicAndDilutedEarningsLossPerCommonShareEPSDetail" id="Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareComponentsOfBasicAndDilutedEarningsLossPerCommonShareEPSDetail">
        <link:definition>100410 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share - Components of Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share (EPS) (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareCalculationOfUndistributedEarningsDetail" id="Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareCalculationOfUndistributedEarningsDetail">
        <link:definition>100420 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share - Calculation of Undistributed Earnings (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareComponentsOfBasicAndDilutedEarningsLossPerCommonShareEPSParentheticalDetail" id="Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareComponentsOfBasicAndDilutedEarningsLossPerCommonShareEPSParentheticalDetail">
        <link:definition>100430 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share - Components of Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share (EPS) (Parenthetical) (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareCalculationOfUndistributedEarningsDetail2" id="Role_DisclosureEarningsPerShareCalculationOfUndistributedEarningsDetail2">
        <link:definition>100440 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share - Calculation of Undistributed Earnings (Detail) 2</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInstrumentsAndFairValueMeasurementsAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100450 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentAdditionalInformationDetail" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentAdditionalInformationDetail">
        <link:definition>100460 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentScheduleOfPerformanceSegmentDetail" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentScheduleOfPerformanceSegmentDetail">
        <link:definition>100470 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment - Schedule of Performance Segment (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentFinancialInformationByReportableSegmentDetail" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentFinancialInformationByReportableSegmentDetail">
        <link:definition>100480 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment - Financial Information by Reportable Segment (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentFinancialInformationByReportableSegmentParentheticalDetail" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentFinancialInformationByReportableSegmentParentheticalDetail">
        <link:definition>100490 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment - Financial Information by Reportable Segment (Parenthetical) (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentRevenuesFromExternalCustomersThatAreCategorizedAsUnallocatedAndOtherReflectsRoyaltiesExternalShippin" id="DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentRevenuesFromExternalCustomersThatAreCategorizedAsUnallocatedAndOtherReflectsRoyaltiesExternalShippin">
        <link:definition>100500 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment - Revenues From External Customers That are Categorized as Unallocated and Other Reflects Royalties, External Shipping and Handling Fees, The Impact of Unearned Revenue, Discounting Charges For Certain Notes Receivable, and Other By-product Revenue (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentScheduleOfIncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesAndEquityInEarningsOfAffiliatedCompaniesForUnallocatedAndOtherDetail" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentScheduleOfIncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesAndEquityInEarningsOfAffiliatedCompaniesForUnallocatedAndOtherDetail">
        <link:definition>100510 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment - Schedule of Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes and Equity in Earnings of Affiliated Companies for Unallocated and Other (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.cabotcorp.com/20221231/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentRevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicRegionDetail" id="Role_DisclosureFinancialInformationBySegmentRevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicRegionDetail">
        <link:definition>100520 - Disclosure - Financial Information by Segment - Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Region (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_EarningPerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" name="EarningPerShareBasicAndDilutedAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_InsuranceRecoveryAbstract" name="InsuranceRecoveryAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AdditionalPreTaxLossOnSaleOfBusiness" name="AdditionalPreTaxLossOnSaleOfBusiness" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AdjustedEarningsLossAllocatedToParticipatingSecurities" name="AdjustedEarningsLossAllocatedToParticipatingSecurities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AdjustmentsToRetainedEarningsInExcessOfAdditionalPaidInCapital" name="AdjustmentsToRetainedEarningsInExcessOfAdditionalPaidInCapital" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AmountExcludedFromEarningsBeforeInterestAndTax" name="AmountExcludedFromEarningsBeforeInterestAndTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AssetImpairmentChargesAfterTax" name="AssetImpairmentChargesAfterTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_BusinessCombinationAcquisitionAndIntegrationRelatedCosts" name="BusinessCombinationAcquisitionAndIntegrationRelatedCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_DebtInstrumentInterestPayableDescription" name="DebtInstrumentInterestPayableDescription" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_DivestitureRelatedCharges" name="DivestitureRelatedCharges" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_EmployeeBenefitPlanSettlementAndOtherCharges" name="EmployeeBenefitPlanSettlementAndOtherCharges" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_ExciseTaxOnStockRepurchases" name="ExciseTaxOnStockRepurchases" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_FairValueAssetsLevel1ToLevel2TransferAmount" name="FairValueAssetsLevel1ToLevel2TransferAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_FairValueAssetsLevel2ToLevel1TransferAmount" name="FairValueAssetsLevel2ToLevel1TransferAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_FairValueLiabilitiesLevel1ToLevel2TransferAmount" name="FairValueLiabilitiesLevel1ToLevel2TransferAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_FairValueLiabilitiesLevel2ToLevel1TransferAmount" name="FairValueLiabilitiesLevel2ToLevel1TransferAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_GainLossOnSaleOfLand" name="GainLossOnSaleOfLand" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_GeneralUnallocatedIncomeExpense" name="GeneralUnallocatedIncomeExpense" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestmentsNetOfTax" name="IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestmentsNetOfTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_IncomeTaxBenefitFromTaxLossRelatedToDivestiture" name="IncomeTaxBenefitFromTaxLossRelatedToDivestiture" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_IndirectTaxSettlementCredits" name="IndirectTaxSettlementCredits" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_LegalEnvironmentalMattersAndReserves" name="LegalEnvironmentalMattersAndReserves" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_NetDiscreteTaxBenefitsChargesRelatedToTaxSettlements" name="NetDiscreteTaxBenefitsChargesRelatedToTaxSettlements" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_OtherCertainItems" name="OtherCertainItems" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetInvestmentHedgesGainLossExcludedFromEffectivenessTestingAndAmortizedToInterestExpenseNetOfTax" name="OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetInvestmentHedgesGainLossExcludedFromEffectivenessTestingAndAmortizedToInterestExpenseNetOfTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_ParticipatingSecurities" name="ParticipatingSecurities" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PercentageOfSaleOfEquityMethodAffiliates" name="PercentageOfSaleOfEquityMethodAffiliates" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PreTaxLossOnSaleOfBusiness" name="PreTaxLossOnSaleOfBusiness" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_RespiratorReserve" name="RespiratorReserve" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_RestructuringChargesBenefit" name="RestructuringChargesBenefit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_TaxExpenseRelatedToWithholdingTaxAccrualsOnHistoricEarnings" name="TaxExpenseRelatedToWithholdingTaxAccrualsOnHistoricEarnings" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_UnallocatedCorporateCosts" name="UnallocatedCorporateCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_UndistributedLossEarningsAllocatedToCommonShareholders" name="UndistributedLossEarningsAllocatedToCommonShareholders" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_UndistributedLossEarningsAllocatedToParticipatingShareholders" name="UndistributedLossEarningsAllocatedToParticipatingShareholders" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsLineItems" name="GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_IncomeTaxesLineItems" name="IncomeTaxesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetSettlementChargeMember" name="AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetSettlementChargeMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetUnamortizedGainLossAndPriorServiceCostCreditMember" name="AccumulatedDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetUnamortizedGainLossAndPriorServiceCostCreditMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_AccumulatedNetInvestmentHedgesGainLossExcludedFromEffectivenessTestingAndAmortizedToInterestExpenseMember" name="AccumulatedNetInvestmentHedgesGainLossExcludedFromEffectivenessTestingAndAmortizedToInterestExpenseMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_ADACarbonSolutionsLLCMember" name="ADACarbonSolutionsLLCMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_CommonStockNetOfTreasuryStockMember" name="CommonStockNetOfTreasuryStockMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_CostOfSalesSellingAndAdministrativeExpenseAndResearchAndTechnicalExpenseMember" name="CostOfSalesSellingAndAdministrativeExpenseAndResearchAndTechnicalExpenseMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_FivePercentageNotesDueTwoThousandAndThirtyTwoMember" name="FivePercentageNotesDueTwoThousandAndThirtyTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_FixedRateDebtMember" name="FixedRateDebtMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_FormulatedSolutionsMember" name="FormulatedSolutionsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_MarshallMineMember" name="MarshallMineMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_OneEquityPartnersMember" name="OneEquityPartnersMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_OtherProductsAndServicesMember" name="OtherProductsAndServicesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PerformanceAdditivesMember" name="PerformanceAdditivesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PerformanceChemicalsMember" name="PerformanceChemicalsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherAssetsMember" name="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherAssetsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesMember" name="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssetsMember" name="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssetsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_PurificationSolutionsMember" name="PurificationSolutionsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_ReinforcementMaterialsMember" name="ReinforcementMaterialsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_RespiratorLiabilitiesMember" name="RespiratorLiabilitiesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_ThreePointSevenPercentageNotesDueInTwoThousandAndTwentyTwoMember" name="ThreePointSevenPercentageNotesDueInTwoThousandAndTwentyTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_TokaiCarbonGroupTianjinCoMember" name="TokaiCarbonGroupTianjinCoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_TokaiCarbonMember" name="TokaiCarbonMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_TokaiCarbonRegisteredCapitalMember" name="TokaiCarbonRegisteredCapitalMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsTable" name="GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_IncomeTaxesTable" name="IncomeTaxesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" name="RecentlyAdoptedAccountingStandardsPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="cbt_ScheduleOfPerformanceSegmentTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfPerformanceSegmentTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
</xsd:schema>
